(Basic Bibliography Recommended
"Preliminary Lessons of Philosophy" Manuel García Morente)
(direct ancestor of Existentialism and Personal) 1 .-
rationalist view all somehow highlights the rational on other dimensions constituent of man.
2 .- It is a vision of the world that favors rational knowledge over the sensory.
3 .- It is an abstract view of the world, is partial.
4 .- There are several types of rationality, some of them are:
• • COGNITIVE ANTHROPOLOGICAL
Parmenides Plato - Descartes
• Ontological
Hegel Hegel is one of the most logical philosophers in history. Raises the dialectic of opposites: Thesis - Antithesis - Synthesis
Examples: Male - Muejer - Children Love - Slave - Christianity / Communism
5 .- PARMENIDES: Try to explain the reality. The senses deceive us.
REASON: "WHAT IT IS, IS AND WHAT IS NOT, NOT "" IS BEING AND NOT, NOT. "
The man for not properly handled in real apparently rational existence gives many non-beings.
The SER is eternal, immutable, a = (Pantheism)
EPISTEME The REASON breeds (Truth)
DOXA The breed SENSES (Opinión - appearance)
6 .- Platonic Rationalism: Idealism
Plato (428-347 BP), raises a metaphysical view
the problem of Heraclitus and Parmenides.
All Platonic philosophy revolves around a central thesis:
THEORY OF IDEAS.
IDEAS are perfect and eternal principles of all things.
THINGS are imperfect imitations of ideas.
IDEAS THINGS is for the PRINCIPLE OF EXISTENCE.
The highest of these ideas is the idea of \u200b\u200bGood, a model for all acts
just and good.
THEORY OF TWO WORLDS:
• WORLD OF THINGS: Things are multiple materials, concrete, specific, mutable, perceived by the senses (sensitive), imperfect.
• WORLD OF IDEAS: The idea is an immaterial, abstract, universal, immutable, perceived by the intellect (intelligible), is perfect.
SUBJECT: is an entity subject to all physical constraints.
CONCRETE: is any subject that performs an essentially
ABSTRACT: the idea, abstraction of matter, universals.
eg Abstract ...... God .... makes the idea of \u200b\u200bdivinity. Slate Concrete
........ ... makes the idea of \u200b\u200b"slate." 7 .- ANTHROPOLOGY
PLATO.
• Man actually exists as an intermediate between the two worlds.
• The human soul is a reality composed of a rational, other Irascible and other lusts.
• Introduces anthropology with the image of winged chariot.
MYTH OF ANTHROPOLOGY WINGED CAR
ETHICS, BALANCING VIRTUES
predates GARAGE AND SOUL SOUND RECORDING IDEAS
WISDOM WISELY
JUSTICE WHITE HORSE
(spirited) ALMA
Irascible trespassed SOUL STRENGTH COURAGE
BLACK HORSE
(messy) lusts
PENALTY ALMA: BODY
(prison of the soul) TEMPERANCE
MODERATION IN THE GUSTO
8 .- Aristotelian rationalism: REALISM
• Aristotle (384-322 BP), states that the man is a subject separate from the other SUBSTANTIAL.
• accidents are given in man: quantity, quality, etc..
• There are aspects in me that if I do not do the update in my be substantial.
• The meeting point between the material and spiritual abstraction or Intellect. 9 .- CONCLUSION
• Platonic idealism is not epistemological, but a form of realism that gives ULTRA EXTERNAL real existence (extra-mental) to the concept or idea of \u200b\u200bthings.
• The human soul in a more significant dimension in human story, is essentially rational.
• The human soul united to the body, is in a position PUNISHMENT.
• All matters relating to the bodily, the material, is synonymous with NEGAIVIDAD - CRIME - PUNISHMENT - CHAOS.
• For both men rightful rid of this body which is not a substantial unity but only accidentally. 10 .-
modern rationalism: Descartes - Kant
a) Between the Middle Ages and the modern age is a fundamental break, a break.
b) Average age ................. Geocentric
c) Modern Age ............ anthropocentric
d) Rupture with the Divine: Nietche "God is dead"
e) appear in the religious Reformation: free interpretation of scripture.
f) freedom of thought is postulated.
g) In literature there are positions intellectualists reglista.
h) The Rationalism is based on the following principle: "IN THE WORLD ARE CONSTANT (STRUCTURES) AND MAY BE RECEIVED BY REASON THEREFORE MUST BE A START OF RATIONALITY, THAT ALL ADDRESSES AND THAT EVERY MAN WITH PARTICULAR REASON YOU CAN FIND "
i) belongs to the man through rational progress of science. The idea of \u200b\u200bprogress is to be the constant of modern times.
KEPLER: "Human reason will dominate the universe, through its laws"
Descartes: "The laws that govern the world are two: matter and motion - naive optimism.
modern man: he left that finds naive position because it is impossible to rule the Universe and passed to the tragic optimism that the man finds that HAVE TO LIVE WITH HIS TRAGIC REALITY MUST BE plus OPTIMISM IN THE HOPE OF A BETTER FUTURE REALITY.
j) In the s. XIX is reached in almost all levels the total abandonment of God and witnessing the emergence of the new god: THE REASON. 11 .- ANTHROPOLOGY
CARTESIAN.
• RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) triggered the downfall of scholasticism: established as the sole criterion of truth, the evidence acquired by reason, only valid source of knowledge.
• It also established the existence of thought, which considers radically different bodies and is the founding principle of all reality, "Cogito, ergo sum." Think therefore I am.
a) The man is a being composed of SPIRIT AND BODY.
b) The man shares with the world his CORPOREIDAD.
c) the primitive of man is his rationality.
d) The essential thing in man is the thinking part.
e) The union between the body and the soul is very weak.
f) In man there is a unity ACCIDENTAL more than substantial.
12 .- EMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804).
a) made aware of the theory of the "critical problem" of philosophical thought and concludes that the world of science is made by our reason, using the feelings aroused in us by the "things themselves" we can not know more than their appearances.
b) The Kantian thought is a preview of the current rationalistic view, to the extent that human reason has become QUASI CREATOR OF THE WORLD, by imposing their own cognitive characteristics and giving to the world, from this, that dimension of SER "THINGS ARE NOT AS THEY ARE BUT AS THE KNOW"
c) Human reason can not say anything about what things are, which is the essence of things. ESSENTIALLY things are unknowable.
d) In his "Critique of Pure Reason" DESTROY THE METAPHYSICS (noumenal sciences)
e) In the "Critique of Practical Reason" states that all knowable is the apparent of things, ie what things "seem", as feunoménico.
f) And those essential elements that give meaning to human life, Kant gives them extra otherwise rational: the categorical imperatives are reasonably imperative of WILL: Freedom, Immortality, God, etc..
13 .- CONCLUSIONS.
a) In general, rationalism emphasizes the rational dimension of reality, especially of man, as constituting its essence.
b) The Rationalism ANTHROPOLOGICAL often antagonizes the relationship BODY - SPIRIT, depressing the first, presenting it as the cause of the negativity of all evil man.
c) favors a RATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND ABSTRACT KNOWLEDGE, KNOWLEDGE above the sensory and aesthetic things.
d) Establishes mental discipline and seeks to order reality based on pure logical principles.
e) Therefore, education, pedagogy and curriculum rationality should PRIORITY:
• ABSTRACT DISCIPLINES EDUCATION TO ASSIST THE
• LOGIC,
• AL development of abstract thought,
• THE UNDERSTANDING,
• AL ORDER OF THINGS.
f) French Rationalism and its influence on Western education, developed the individualism that can demonstrate outstanding more as an individual.
g) The German rationalism developed collectivist elements: HEGEL is inspiring is the origin of all modern totalitarianism, in principle "THE WHOLE IS BETTER THAN THE PARTIES." It also stresses the order, discipline, willingness and capacity of power.
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